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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has widely affected medical tourism on a global scale, thereby reducing the number and volume of medical services. Given the importance of this topic, the present study aimed to determine the challenges of medical tourism after the prevalence of COVID-19 in the field of neurosurgery.
ABSTRACT
This systematic review of scientific sources (190 articles) shows that the simultaneous presence of cardio-metabolic, dental, as well as neurologic diseases is common in people who are hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection, and cardiovascular complications occur frequently. Many people with COVID-19 have few or no symptoms. However, COVID-19 can make the blood "sticky," blocking both small (capillaries) and large blood vessels, which may cause 1 heart attacks, strokes, or blood clots in the legs or lungs. People with diabetes, high blood pressure, or pre-existing heart problems are at higher risk of developing such complications if they get COVID-19. A total of 190 studies reported relevant information. Further studies were conducted in China and the United States of America. The results show that high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease are very common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and are associated with an increased risk of mortality. More than a third of patients with COVID-19 had a history of high blood pressure, 23.4% of them mentioned a previous heart or blood vessel problem, 30.4% had diabetes, and 14.6% were obese.
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This study has done a systematic review of drug therapy and assessment of the occurrence of dental and neurological problems in patients affected by covid-19. There are various reasons that can cause an infection in the tooth. One of the most common causes of tooth infection is root canal treatments you have had in the past. Unfortunately, bacteria grow in this area and can lead to infection. Having an infection in the tooth can be very dangerous. Because it may spread to other parts of the body and cause serious problems. For this reason, it is very important to recognize the symptoms of infection. When a crack or cavity is formed on the tooth, if not treated in time, an infection may occur in the tooth. Because these are the gates that can pave the way for bacteria to enter your teeth. The most common type of disease is accompanied by episodes of severe pain that may be felt in the eyes, ears, lips, nose, forehead, cheeks, teeth or jaws, or anywhere on the face. The similarity of the symptoms of this complication with the symptoms of common dental diseases is a factor in misdiagnosis. This can lead to a series of unnecessary dental treatments that not only won't solve the problem, but may actually make it worse. Some patients undergo dental treatment at least once before the diagnosis of the disease. 1.
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Awareness of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the airways can be important in the management of patients with underlying disease. Common signs and symptoms that persist over time include fatigue, shortness of breath, coughing, joint pain, and chest pain. Other long-term signs and symptoms may include muscle aches or headaches, rapid or rapid heartbeat, loss of smell or taste, memory problems, difficulty concentrating or sleeping, rashes, and hair loss. The results of studies show that adolescents are much less likely to develop lung problems due to coronavirus infection than others. In addition, the lungs of young people who have recovered from Covid-19 disease appear to be functioning as before. The researchers concluded that the corona virus did not affect adolescents' lung function in the long run.In addition, the coronavirus did not even affect the lung capacity of Covid-19 patients with asthma The results of studies show that the lung function of these people after recovery from Covid-19 disease was the same as before and did not change.The results of another similar study show that Covid-19 disease will not adversely affect the lung function of children and adolescents, as this group of people recover much faster than others and experience a shorter course of the disease.The results of this review article show that the consequences of Covid-19 disease are not limited to the lungs, but can go beyond and affect organs other than the lungs.
ABSTRACT
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), the most frequent cause of acute paralytic neuropathy, is an inflammatory polyneuropathy that is autoimmune in nature. Many infectious agents such as Campylobacter jejuni (the most commonly identified bacteria associated with GBS), cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, measles virus, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma pneumonia, as well as enterovirus D68 and Zika virus and noninfectious agents such as vaccines and surgeries have been reported to trigger GBS. Three main variants of GBS include the classic acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), which is the most common presentation of GBS, Miller Fisher syndrome, and the recently defined axon loss variants (acute motor axonal neuropathy and acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy). One of the assumptions about the mechanisms of GBS is molecular mimicry, which is a process caused due to the structural resemblance between a microorganism and the host. The original concept of GBS is rooted in molecular mimicry defined as the similarity between the microorganisms' peptide sequences or epitopes and ganglioside sequences or structures. Since the coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak in January 2020 there have been cases of GBS reported. Our review aims at providing an overview of some case reports of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-related GBS. Copyright (C) 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.